{"id":1343,"date":"2023-10-12T22:58:18","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T20:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/?page_id=1343"},"modified":"2023-10-25T16:20:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T14:20:25","slug":"postmodern-architectural-freeze","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/index.php\/shakin-the-classroom\/methods-and-tools\/postmodern-architectural-freeze\/","title":{"rendered":"Postmodern architectural freeze"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Postmodern architectural freeze<span class=\"TextRun SCXW14942639 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14942639 BCX9\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\"> &#8211; teaching chronologies or histories of ideas<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;12&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h5><em>Submitted by Sonja Jankov, Serbia<\/em><\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Tags: <a href=\"https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/index.php\/shakin-the-classroom\/ways-beyond\/corporeal\/\">Corporeal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/index.php\/shakin-the-classroom\/ways-beyond\/contextual\/\">contextual<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/index.php\/shakin-the-classroom\/ways-beyond\/poetic\/\">poetic <\/a>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]Images from history of photography, film, camera development, television, movable print, or any other discipline which is taught at universities, are usually encountered in books or projected during lectures. Therefore, students encounter them once or few times during their studies. When permanently exhibited as a frieze in a faculty building (in halls, in classrooms, in library, in studios), these images are encountered daily. Not only students become more aware of the history of the discipline they are studying, but they can everyday perceive their own position in relation to that history. They can feel they have a rightful place in the history of film, or television, or whichever is their chosen profession. This frieze has been part of the building for almost 50 years, which makes it part of many generations\u2019 student and professional life.[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][nectar_btn size=&#8221;medium&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; button_style=&#8221;regular&#8221; button_color_2=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; icon_family=&#8221;none&#8221; text=&#8221;Download Method Guide&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/shakinproject.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Postmodern-architectural-freeze.pdf&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>In which context was the method developed?<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]The method was developed in the period 1972\u20131975 by Yugoslav black-wave film director \u017divojin Pavlovi\u0107 (1933\u20131998) who at the time was professor at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts and suspended from his position because his student Lazar Stojanovi\u0107 made a film Plastic Jesus (1971) which was very critical towards the communist regime. The frieze draws its educational and representational function from the ancient Greek frieze. It both gives historical context to the institution of the Faculty of Dramatic Arts and serves students to learn about history of inventions that it features and which are related to curriculum of the study programmes of the Faculty.<\/p>\n<p>The building of the Faculty is the only realised part of the planned campus of University of Arts (architects Aleksandar Stjepanovi\u0107, Bo\u017eidar Jankovi\u0107 and Mihailo Naslas), designed in 1964. The building was finished in 1975 (cinema hall was added in 1980) and it is characterised by Brutalist elements, late modernist aesthetics and influences of early post-modern architecture from West Berlin, Warsaw and Prague. The frieze follows its form, having interrupted narrative, rhizomatic appearance in form of collage that quotes images from history of technology and dramatic arts. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>Settings and participants the method is best suited for<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]This particular frieze is best suited for students of photography, camera, television, dramatic arts, history of literature, even graphic engineers and designers (since it contains some images from the history of movable printing mechanisms). The same method, however, can be applied to other buildings and institutions for higher education, even to research centres, museums, in fact any public buildings that by its shape can \u201ccarry\u201d a frieze.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>Limitations<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]This particular frieze is site specific creation applied to the building of the Faculty of Dramatic Arts, so it can be hardly moved to any other building without great loss in terms of its perception. However, any suitable building can get a frieze of the kind, but it would require a good editor (selector) who would be top in her\/his profession, in the same way \u017divojin Pavlovi\u0107 as in his. For example, if one was about to make a frieze from images related to history of medicine, one would need a professional from the field. Apart from that, Pavlovi\u0107 collaborated with the architects of the building in the early 1970s, so in case of creating any other conceptually similar frieze would also require help from architectural profession.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>Experiences with the method<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]This frieze presents a specific spatial and visual device and its purpose is to transmit knowledge. In that respect, it is also similar to a film tape, or any other media which serves as a carrier of information. I encountered this method in the building of the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade, while I was on my PhD studies. What the frieze was lacking were details on presented devices or inventions, as well as on the authors of illustrations and their sources, dates. Through my researcher, I provided these details for most of the images within the frieze. The value of the whole frieze is far more comprehensive when we know what each image presents. It is also a contribution to research on Pavlovi\u0107\u2019s work. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>Testimonies<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]\u017divojin Pavlovi\u0107&#8217;s frieze in the building of the Faculty of Dramatic Arts presents an adaptation of the ancient architectural element to early postmodern architecture, shaped as a teaching device about the beginnings of film, theatre, television \u2013 disciplines that students study at the Faculty. From numerous illustrations of technological inventions that present development of photography and film, Pavlovi\u0107 chose for frieze those that show a new relationship between man and camera, such as mobility, due to smaller camera dimensions or easier use that made film making more accessible to all. By focusing on early discoveries, such as movable printing mechanisms and the first concepts of aircraft, Pavlovi\u0107 points to those groundbreaking inventions that opened up completely new possibilities for human activities, unimaginable until then. Pavlovi\u0107 chose reproductions of highly qualitative illustrations for the frieze, and they are thoughtfully set in relation to the space of the Faculty building and the various functions it has.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to contributing to educational tools and methods, this frieze can be seen as an example of applied art and\/or as a collage of quotes in manner of postmodern concept such as Richard Hamilton&#8217;s installation Man, Machine and Motion. It also represents a significant contribution to the form of frieze in the twentieth century, applied to modern and early postmodern architecture. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h4><strong>Additional references<\/strong><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;24&#8243;][vc_column_text]Jankov, Sonja, \u201cFrieze as a teaching device: contribution of \u017divojin Pavlovi\u0107 to architecture of the early post modernism,\u201d (in Serbian, summary in English) Zbornike Matice srpske za likovne umetnosti, 49 (2021), 263- 275. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18485\/ms_zmslu.2021.49.15\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18485\/ms_zmslu.2021.49.15<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maticasrpska.org.rs\/en\/zmslu_49\/\">https:\/\/www.maticasrpska.org.rs\/en\/zmslu_49\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maticasrpska.org.rs\/stariSajt\/casopisi\/ZMSLU_49\/15%20Jankov.pdf\">https:\/\/www.maticasrpska.org.rs\/stariSajt\/casopisi\/ZMSLU_49\/15%20Jankov.pdf<\/a><br \/>\nVisual materials and bilingual descriptions (Serbian \/ English) can be found here:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sonjajankov.wordpress.com\/2020\/05\/14\/research-material\/\">https:\/\/sonjajankov.wordpress.com\/2020\/05\/14\/research-material\/<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Images from history of photography, film, camera development, television, movable print, or any other discipline.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":753,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,18,13],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1343","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"category-contextual","6":"category-corporeal","7":"category-poetic"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SHAKIN&#039; 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